Thermal Analysis of a Developed Hybrid Nanofluid as a Sustainable Coolant for Automobile Radiator Application

Authors

  • Imhade P. Okokpujie Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
  • Muhammad I. N. Ma'arof Mechanical Engineering Department, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
  • Aderonke O. Akinwumi Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
  • Stella I. Monye Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
  • Akintunde A. Ajayi Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
  • Emeka S. Nnochiri Department of Civil Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21910581

Keywords:

Hybrid Nanofluids, Energy Consumption, Coolant, Radiator, Graphene, Tio2 Nano-Coolant

Abstract

The automobile radiator's internal components are prone to scale accumulation, rust, and corrosion, which impede coolant flow and reduce efficiency. The operation of the cooling fan and pump increases the vehicle's energy consumption, which affects the battery life of electric vehicles and the fuel efficiency of conventional vehicles. To overcome these challenges, this study aimed to develop mono- and hybrid nanofluids as sustainable coolants for radiator applications. The current study used mono nanoparticles of Graphene and TiO2, and a 50% graphene/TiO2 hybrid was created. SEM-EDS XRD was employed to characterize the nanoparticles and ascertain the mass ratio of constituents in the noodles. The mass flow rate of the temperature from the various regions and the heat transfer rate of the nano-coolant were then measured experimentally. It was shown in the present study that hybrid and mono-particulate nanoparticles incorporated within pH and thermal conductivity W Mk improved the coolant. The heat transfer rate was increased when the mass concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles in the water-based TiO2 nano coolants. The heat transfer rate rose from 13186.91 W (0.3 g) to 14893.43 W (0.7 g) with the increase of the concentration of the nanoparticles from 0.3g to 0.7g it was observed from the parametric analysis of the mono and the hybrid nano coolants that the TiO2 nano-coolant performed very well compared to the graphite, having a percentage deviation of 8.2%, the hybrid nano-coolants 2.7% and the other two were reinforced. In addition, the TiO2 50% plus Graphene 50% hybrid nano coolants were superior to the graphene nano coolants by 6.3%. It follows that the development of coolants at the nanoscale — specifically, the use of nanoparticles — is a technique that contributes to the longevity of automotive parts. This also suggests less intensive maintenance and fewer changes to automotive components. Furthermore, high-conductivity nanoparticles, such as tri-hybrid (carbon/metallic) or carbon-based nanoparticles, prevent particle agglomeration and require fewer surfactants, leading to cleaner environmental conditions.

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Published

2026-08-13

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Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Reports in Mechanical Engineering

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Thermal Analysis of a Developed Hybrid Nanofluid as a Sustainable Coolant for Automobile Radiator Application. (2026). Reports in Mechanical Engineering, 7(2), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21910581