Conjugate entropy generation and heat transfer of a dilute suspension of nano-encapsulated phase change material in a partially heated wall cavity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31181/rme040115092023gKeywords:
Suspensions, Nano-encapsulated phase change material (NEPCM), Conjugate free convection, Fusion temperature, Entropy generationAbstract
The present study offers a comprehensive simulation of conjugate heat transfer, entropy generation, and natural convection in a two-dimensional cavity filled with a water-NEPCM suspension flanked by thermally conductive solid blocks along the bottom and top walls. Utilizing weighted finite element methods on non-uniform grids, the governing equations were solved. The study varied key non-dimensional parameters like Rayleigh number (Ra), normalized block height (LY), and NEPCM concentration. Key findings reveal that entropy generation and Nusselt number are intricately dependent on Ra and LY, with the associated exponent for Ra approaching a canonical value of 1/3 as LY ranges from 0.05 to 0.2. Contrary to expectations, entropy generation does not invariably rise with LY; rather, an optimal LY value close to 0.2 maximizes heat transfer while minimizing entropy generation. Furthermore, increased thermal conductivity ratio (Rk) and NEPCM concentration increase the rate of heat transfer and generation of entropy. Nanoparticle fusion temperature is significant in a certain range of 0.4-0.6, containing optimal heat transfer rates.
References
Alazzam, A., Qasem, N. A., Aissa, A., Abid, M. S., Guedri, K., & Younis, O. (2023). Natural convection characteristics of nano-encapsulated phase change materials in a rectangular wavy enclosure with heating element and under an external magnetic field. Journal of Energy Storage, 57, 106213.
Albdour, S. A., Haddad, Z., Sharaf, O. Z., Alazzam, A., & Abu-Nada, E. (2022). Micro/nano-encapsulated phase-change materials (ePCMs) for solar photothermal absorption and storage: Fundamentals, recent advances, and future directions. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 93, 101037.
Alehosseini, E., & Jafari, S. M. (2019). Micro/nano-encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) as emerging materials for the food industry. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 91, 116-128.
Alsabery, A. I., Ismael, M. A., Chamkha, A. J., Hashim, I., & Abulkhair, H. (2021). Unsteady flow and entropy analysis of nanofluids inside cubic porous container holding inserted body and wavy bottom wall. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 193, 106161.
Alsabery, A. I., Tayebi, T., Roslan, R., Chamkha, A. J., & Hashim, I. (2020). Entropy generation and mixed convection flow inside a wavy-walled enclosure containing a rotating solid cylinder and a heat source. Entropy, 22(6), 606.
Barlak, S., Sara, O. N., Karaipekli, A., & Yapıcı, S. (2016). Thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids having nanoencapsulated phase change material. Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 20(2), 85-96.
Chai, L., Shaukat, R., Wang, L., & Wang, H. S. (2018). A review on heat transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics of nano/microencapsulated phase change slurry (N/MPCS) in mini/microchannel heat sinks. Applied Thermal Engineering, 135, 334-349.
Chamkha, A., Doostanidezfuli, A., Izadpanahi, E., & Ghalambaz, M. (2017). Phase-change heat transfer of single/hybrid nanoparticles-enhanced phase-change materials over a heated horizontal cylinder confined in a square cavity. Advanced Powder Technology, 28(2), 385-397.
Chandrakar, V., Senapati, J. R., & Mohanty, A. (2021). Conjugate heat transfer due to conduction, natural convection, and radiation from a vertical hollow cylinder with finite thickness. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 79(6), 463-487.
Dogonchi, A. S., Mishra, S., Karimi, N., Chamkha, A. J., & Alhumade, H. (2021). Interaction of fusion temperature on the magnetic free convection of nano-encapsulated phase change materials within two rectangular fins-equipped porous enclosure. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 124, 327-340.
The Finite Element Method for Fluid Dynamics. (2014). In O. C. Zienkiewicz, R. L. Taylor, & P. Nithiarasu (Eds.), The Finite Element Method for Fluid Dynamics (Seventh Edition) (pp. iii). Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-85617-635-4.00018-2
Ghalambaz, M., Chamkha, A. J., & Wen, D. (2019). Natural convective flow and heat transfer of nano-encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs) in a cavity. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 138, 738-749.
Ghalambaz, M., Jin, H., Bagheri, A., Younis, O., & Wen, D. (2022). Convective Flow and Heat Transfer of Nano-Encapsulated Phase Change Material (NEPCM) Dispersions along a Vertical Surface. Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering, 20(3), 519-538.
Ghalambaz, M., Sheremet, M. A., & Pop, I. (2015). Free convection in a parallelogrammic porous cavity filled with a nanofluid using Tiwari and Das’ nanofluid model. PloS one, 10(5), e0126486.
Ghoghaei, M. S., Mahmoudian, A., Mohammadi, O., Shafii, M. B., Jafari Mosleh, H., Zandieh, M., & Ahmadi, M. H. (2021). A review on the applications of micro-/nano-encapsulated phase change material slurry in heat transfer and thermal storage systems. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 145, 245-268.
Gowtham, S., Sivaraj, C., & Sheremet, M. A. (2022). Thermogravitational convection of water-based nanofluids with entropy generation in a wavy cabinet having a localized non-uniform heat source. The European Physical Journal Plus, 137(4), 510.
Hassan, A., Shakeel Laghari, M., & Rashid, Y. (2016). Micro-encapsulated phase change materials: a review of encapsulation, safety and thermal characteristics. Sustainability, 8(10), 1046.
Hussain, S., Alsedias, N., & Aly, A. M. (2022). Natural convection of a water-based suspension containing nano-encapsulated phase change material in a porous grooved cavity. Journal of Energy Storage, 51, 104589.
Ishak, M. S., Alsabery, A. I., Hashim, I., & Chamkha, A. (2020). Impact of a localized solid cylinder on entropy generation and mixed convection of nanofluids in a lid-driven trapezoidal cavity. Authorea Preprints.
Kahveci, K. (2010). Buoyancy driven heat transfer of nanofluids in a tilted enclosure. Journal of Heat Transfer, 132(6), 062501.
Kumar, A., Ray, R. K., & Sheremet, M. A. (2022). Entropy generation on double-diffusive MHD slip flow of nanofluid over a rotating disk with nonlinear mixed convection and Arrhenius activation energy. Indian Journal of Physics, 1-17.
Le, X. H. K., Oztop, H. F., Selimefendigil, F., & Sheremet, M. A. (2022). Entropy analysis of the thermal convection of nanosuspension within a chamber with a heat-conducting solid fin. Entropy, 24(4), 523.
MacGregor, R., & Emery, A. F. (1969). Free convection through vertical plane layers—moderate and high Prandtl number fluids.
Mehryan, S., Ghalambaz, M., Gargari, L. S., Hajjar, A., & Sheremet, M. (2020). Natural convection flow of a suspension containing nano-encapsulated phase change particles in an eccentric annulus. Journal of Energy Storage, 28, 101236.
Pasha, A. A., Tayebi, T., MottahirAlam, M., Irshad, K., Dogonchi, A., Chamkha, A. J., & Galal, A. M. (2023). Efficacy of exothermic reaction on the thermal-free convection in a nano-encapsulated phase change materials-loaded enclosure with circular cylinders inside. Journal of Energy Storage, 59, 106522.
Priam, S. S., Ikram, M. M., Saha, S., & Saha, S. C. (2021). Conjugate natural convection in a vertically divided square enclosure by a corrugated solid partition into air and water regions. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 25, 101036.
Priam, S. S., & Nasrin, R. (2021). Oriented magneto-conjugate heat transfer and entropy generation in an inclined domain having wavy partition. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 126, 105430.
Raizah, Z., & Aly, A. M. (2021). Double-diffusive convection of a rotating circular cylinder in a porous cavity suspended by nano-encapsulated phase change materials. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 24, 100864.
Raizah, Z., & Aly, A. M. (2022). A rotating superellipse inside a hexagonalshaped cavity suspended by nano-encapsulated phase change materials based on the ISPH method. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 32(3), 956-977.
Raizah, Z. A., Alsabery, A. I., Aly, A. M., & Hashim, I. (2021). Energy and Entropy Production of Nanofluid within an Annulus Partly Saturated by a Porous Region. Entropy, 23(10), 1237.
Reddy, P. B. A., Salah, T., Jakeer, S., Mansour, M., & Rashad, A. (2022). Entropy generation due to magneto-natural convection in a square enclosure with heated corners saturated porous medium using Cu/water nanofluid. Chinese Journal of Physics, 77, 1863-1884.
Saleh, H., Muhandaz, R., Irma, A., Fitri, I., Fitraini, D., Sari, A., & Nufus, H. (2022). Free convection from a localized heated cylinder with nano encapsulated phase change material and water in a square enclosure. Journal of Energy Storage, 56, 106028.
Selimefendigil, F., Öztop, H. F., & Chamkha, A. J. (2016). MHD mixed convection and entropy generation of nanofluid filled lid driven cavity under the influence of inclined magnetic fields imposed to its upper and lower diagonal triangular domains. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 406, 266-281.
Seyf, H. R., Zhou, Z., Ma, H., & Zhang, Y. (2013). Three dimensional numerical study of heat-transfer enhancement by nano-encapsulated phase change material slurry in microtube heat sinks with tangential impingement. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 56(1-2), 561-573.
Siddiqui, M. A., Iftikhar, B., & Javed, T. (2023). Convective heat transfer enhancement and entropy generation analysis for radiative flow of ferrofluid inside the enclosure with non-uniform magnetic field. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 584, 171101.
Sivaraj, C., Gowtham, S., Elango, M., & Sheremet, M. (2022). Analysis of thermo-magnetic convection and entropy generation of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a partially heated wavy electronic cabinet. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 133, 105955.
Tasnim, S., Mitra, A., Saha, H., Islam, M. Q., & Saha, S. (2023). MHD conjugate natural convection and entropy generation of a nanofluid filled square enclosure with multiple heat-generating elements in the presence of Joule heating. Results in Engineering, 17, 100993.
Turan, O., Sachdeva, A., Chakraborty, N., & Poole, R. J. (2011). Laminar natural convection of power-law fluids in a square enclosure with differentially heated side walls subjected to constant temperatures. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 166(17), 1049-1063. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnnfm.2011.06.003
Zadeh, S. M. H., Mehryan, S., Sheremet, M., Ghodrat, M., & Ghalambaz, M. (2020). Thermo-hydrodynamic and entropy generation analysis of a dilute aqueous suspension enhanced with nano-encapsulated phase change material. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 178, 105609.
Zaraki, A., Ghalambaz, M., Chamkha, A. J., Ghalambaz, M., & De Rossi, D. (2015). Theoretical analysis of natural convection boundary layer heat and mass transfer of nanofluids: effects of size, shape and type of nanoparticles, type of base fluid and working temperature. Advanced Powder Technology, 26(3), 935-946.
Zhang, W., & Su, X. (2021). Effect of an internal thermal-conductive cylinder on the conjugate conduction-convection in an enclosure. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 80(10), 505-523.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Reports in Mechanical Engineering
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.